"KNOW the 16"
1. Sprain – traumatic twist in a joint affecting the joint structures. It is classified into three grades
2. Strain – tear in the muscle fibre. It is classified into three grades.
3. Fracture – anatomical discontinuity in the bone
4. Dislocation – complete mis-position of the joint from its articulating surfaces
5. Subluxation – partial mis-position of the joint from its articulating surfaces
6. Muscle spasm – adaptive shortening of the muscle due to pain
7. Muscle pull – sustained contraction of the muscle fibres
8. Contusion – accumulation of ICF in the injured area
9. Oedema – generalized swelling
10. Haematoma – accumulation of blood in the injured site
11. Blister – accumulation of PUS or ICF just beneath the epidermis of the skin
12. Abrasion wound – injury to the epidermis of the skin
13. Laceration wound – injury to the epidermis, dermis and exposure of underlying tissues
14. Puncture wound – sharp objects piercing the skin and entering the inner structures
15. Avulsion wound – the structure peeling-off from its anatomical position
16. Incision wound – sharp cut in the skin and underlying structures
17. Specific Injuries - eg. eye, ear, nose, lip, teeth, genitals
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